Estler's Mortgage Lifter tomato is one of the most popular heirloom varieties that is perfect for home gardeners. for radio frequencies used on the Railways can be found on the Offcom website. GSM-R is part of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) standard and carries the signaling information directly to the train driver, enabling higher train speeds and traffic density with a high level of safety. endstream endobj 9819 0 obj <. 151 UK All except for South Australian Department of Planning Transport and Infrastructure (Adelaide) re-licensed 2 x 5MHz of 1800MHz spectrum at commercial rates set by Australian Government.[17][18]. Every scanner we sell can pick up analog signals. FVR also utilizes FRS radios for switching coordination. The MSF signal is transmitted from Anthorn Radio Station in Cumbria by Babcock International, under contract to NPL. These stations will identify with callsigns of a different format to amateur calls and they use a concise operating procedure. 7 May 2012. If you have a specific query you should see other ways to contact us. The contract was placed with Westinghouse of Chippenham, Wiltshire, and the system was brought into use on 28 October 1984, with the control equipment situated at Dingwall. More new frequencies can be found here at our new forum: Join Tomato Lovers & Participate in the Ukrainian Tribute Growout! As an example in the diagram below, the narrow segment of 5378 5382kHz is only wide enough for one SSB signal which should be no higher than 5379kHz for the signal to remain within the allocation: Similarly, with digital modes on 5357kHz, any transmission greater than 1000Hz (1kHz) on the waterfall will be above 5358.0kHz and therefore out of band, see diagram below: 5. %PDF-1.6 % The Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) delivers digital, secure and dependable communications between drivers and signallers. WebThe AAR assigned channel numbers to all 96 frequencies in the 160-161 MHz band. Though they've alll moved to ever more secure systems- and obviously the railways are shifting to GSM-R now. While programming each rail scanner is unique, in our experience, analog programming isnt as difficult as digital programming. AM operation is permitted provided the maximum bandwidth does not exceed 6kHz. Lifetime Tech Support | Free Shipping* | 35,268 Happy Customers | #1 Rated Store. Potentially up to 60 miles with a home/vehicle antenna. Radio Electronic Token Block Bank 8 - Amateur Radio Frequencies For Railfans. UK Whether youre growing heirloom varieties or hybrids, tomatoes offer something for everyone. The transmitted spectrum of an upper sideband signal extends from the suppressed carrier frequency, usually also the indicated or dial frequency, to 3kHz higher, so set the frequency at least 3kHz below the top of the band segment. AM activity can often be found on 5317kHz. The OG is also responsible for creating a new version of the SRS and upgrading of former MORANE documents. UK Works on any PC or Mobile running Windows, Mac, IOS, Android and more. Railroad Frequencies & Rail Scanning Simultaneously, the driver must operate a button on an apparatus in the cab to receive the token. There are worries that LTE mobile communication will disturb GSM-R, since it has been given a frequency band rather close to GSM-R. Those numbers are used for functional registration and fixed entries for MSISDN or short dialcodes as defined within the HLR. As of to-day, the number of signatories has increased to 37, including railways outside of Europe. 8. The three systems were aimed at testing different aspects of operation, respectively Railway station environment, complex radio coverage topology with tunnels and bends, high speed lines able to handle 300km/h). Although previously members of the CEPT, Belarus and Russia had their memberships suspended, indefinitely, with effect from 00:00 (CET), 18 March 2022. Web15,000km + of railway lines covered 2,500 GSM-R telecoms masts 8,574 installed cab radios 100% coverage across the GSM-R radio network 21,200 drivers and signallers trained 860 signaller terminals 2 switching centres BBRC viewer 49 MB More information GSM-R: for drivers and signallers GSM-R: future improvements Together we can end It also doe, Gardening Tips for Growing Tomatoes | Everything You Need to Know, Gardening is an incredibly rewarding activity, and tomatoes are one of the most popular crops to grow. 9. The simplicity of the lineside infrastructure in RETB areas was reduced by the installation of the Train Protection & Warning System. About 30-35 miles. This ETSI Technical Committee is in a position to improve the standards ensuring full interoperability of the System. UK Some studies were undertaken to assess the possible frequency needs (Studies to define a traffic model for three representative areas, London, Paris and Munich, were carried out). I picked up the radio the other day while waiting outside Hebden Bridge with a Track Circit failure. In addition, trackside signals become redundant. Bank 8 - UHF Railroad Frequencies. wide) became 024 (12.5 KHz. All handheld scanners come with a USB cord, but no AC or DC adapter as they manufacture one model worldwide. With the feasibility of using radio to effect the interlocking of single line token instruments demonstrated, and the additional benefit of voice communication between the signaller and the drivers noted, it was but a short step of invention to moving the instruments from staffed signal boxes to the cabs of trains. Railroad Radio Frequencies Each TDMA frame is divided in 8 time slots, named logical channels (577s long, each time-slot), carrying 148 bits of information. . 3,118. You can, have your rail scanner professionally programmed, There are a few exceptions and oddities around the US and for a detailed breakdown visit. You will need to purchase an AC (wall) adapter to charge at home and a DC (car) adapter to charge in your vehicle. Weve found that a good portion of rail fans are young PBS Kids.. ensures faster and more effective responses to potential hazards with applications such as Railway Emergency Call. A sub-system of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), it is used for communication between train and railway regulation control centers. Rail frequencies have essentially remained the same since they were established. Radios used for things like shunting are also likely to be on private scrambled frequencies. The Central Division has been abolished, with lines in Kentucky divided between the Lake and Illinois Divisions. Contact us and we can help you find the best scanner antenna or view our Antenna Buyer's Guide. frequency WebThe USB frequencies 5354kHz and 5363kHz shown in the table above are within the all modes segment of the WRC-15 band. The most comprehensive and up to date UK radio scanner frequency database covering WTR, PMR, Airband, Airports, Air Control, Mil Airband / Airfields, Ham and more. PCA =X]`:a +#P1L?lPPK-:4 3pi^ 9fbWB3KLFwLj/#HIHckL,QbL7Q UIC - International union of railways There are a few online streams and police scanner apps that can pick up rail communication, but what they broadcast is limited and depending on where you live, may not cover your area at all. Talkgroups. EIRENE - Functional Requirements Specification Version 8.0.0, EIRENE - System Requirements Specification Version 16.0.0, EIRENE Functional Requirements Specification Version 7.4.0 (April 2014), EIRENE System Requirements Specification Version 15.4.0 (March 2014), O-2875 Test Specification for EIRENE QoS requirements version 2.0.0 (November 2017), O-3001-3 Test specifications for GSM-R MI related requirements; Part 3: SIM Cards version 1.0.0, O-3001-4 Test specifications for GSM-R MI related requirements FRS 8.0.0/SRS 16.0.0; Part 4: Network version 1.1.0, O-3001-1 Test specifications for GSM-R related requirements: Part 1: Cab Radio version 1.1.0, O-3001-2 Test specifications for GSM-R related requirements: Part 2: EDOR version 1.1.0, O-3001-3 Test specifications for GSM-R related requirements: Part 3: SIM Cards version 1.1.0, O-3001-4 Test specifications for GSM-R related requirements: Part 4: Network version 1.2.0, gsmr8300 FFFS for Voice and Data Services Functionality at borders between GSM-R networks version 3.0.0, Reference [i1] : gsmr3114-1.0 Network Assessment Test Plan, Reference [i4] : Cross Reference 8.0.0 & 16.0.0 versus Test Cases, O-3001-1 Test specifications for GSM-R MI related requirements; Part 1: Cab Radio Version 1.0.0 (July 2017), O-3001-2 Test specifications for GSM-R MI related requirements; Part 2: EDOR Version 1.0.0 (July 2017), O-8350 FFFS for Voice and Data Services Interconnection & Roaming between GSM-R networks version 2.0 (2016), O-3001 2.0.0 Test specifications for GSM-R MI related requirements (May 2016), E 10 T 6001 4 1 FFFS For Functional Addressing, E12T6001 5 1 FIS for Functional Addressing, Radio Transmission FFFIS for EuroRadio (2015), gsmr8760 1 0 UIC GSM R filter requirements, UIC GSM-R Procurement & Implementation Guide (2009), O-8664 ETCS in PS-mode GPRS-EGPRS Guideline version 1.0.0, ETCS over GPRS - Edge Capacity Study in Station Environment CEF Activity, N-9018 v3.0.1 GSM-R network names and codes, EIRENE System Requirements Specification Version 15.3.0 (March 2012), EIRENE Functional Requirements Specification Version 7.3.0 (March 2012), EIRENE System Requirements Specification - V15.1 (June 2010), EIRENE Functional Requirements Specification - V7.1 (June 2010), EIRENE Functional Requirements Specification - V7 (May 2006), EIRENE System Requirements Specification - V15 (May 2006), IRRB webinar - Assets for Automatic & Autonomous Operation, Excellence in Railway Publications Awards, Registration open for the 6th Harmotrack Plenary Meeting, UIC publishes IRS 70713, Recommendations for the design and use of prestressed monoblock concrete sleepers, UIC FRMCS CONFERENCE 2023: SAVE THE DATE AND SIGN UP, System for vehicle infrastructure Interaction(), Recommendations for the DEsign and use of(), Union Internationale des Chemins de fer (UIC), Technical Solutions for the operational railway, Design a better future: Vision of Rail 2030, Safety Performance Group / Safety Database, Catalogue of products technically approved by UIC, Interfaces and Interaction between Infrastructure Subsystem and Rolling Stock, Railway infrastructure maintenance strategy for different operation needs in(), Track stability and prevention of buckling, Exceptional and Over-Loads on Existing Infrastructures, Paris (North high Speed line and East bypassing High Speed lines), a marketing part, looking for common approaches to promote GSM-R worldwide, a technical part, which forms the interface to the railway groups FG and OG, First digit (8 for FRS and 16 for SRS) is the EIRENE Specification version, and it is aligned with the ERA Baseline for Europe (B1), defined according to the ERA CCM process, Second digit (0) is aligned to ERA First release 0 for Baseline 1 (B1 r0), defined according to the ERA CCM process, Third digit (0) corresponds to UIC interim version, which shall contain changes that will not refer to (MI) categories. UK Lines are being shifted to a road channel / dispatcher channel configuration similar to CSX and other railroads. This supports applications such as cargo tracking, video surveillance in trains and at stations, and passenger information services. WebCommercial Radio: Domestic Phones: Fire Service: London Eye: London Underground: Long Wave Stations: Marine HF: Maritime Beacons: Marine VHF: Medium Wave WebCommercial Radio: Domestic Phones: Fire Service: London Eye: London Underground: Long Wave Stations: Marine HF: Maritime Beacons: Marine VHF: Medium Wave Channel 24 (25KHz. The equipment will be installed at about 250 locations and more than 60 sites in tunnels. It can be downloaded or read as a pdf file in a new tab here. To confirm you want to receive information from UIC please tick the option "Email": You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link in the footer of our emails. It also shows the internationally agreed spectrum allocations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). GSM-R delivers direct radio driver-signaller communications at all times. This AoI was signed by 17 railways. With implementation of GSM-R now well underway on Europes railways, and worldwide interest beyond its frontiers, the ERTMS/GSM-R project of the UIC has the task of maintaining the GSM-R specifications, developed under the EIRENE project, managing the UIC roll-out plan for the system and handling issues and problems that arise as the work is progressing. Channel 24 (25KHz. Harrodsburg District - Danville, KY to Talmage, KY (Lake Division) Please do not transmit USB on 5330.5kHz, 5357kHz, or 5360kHz. frequency In 1997, the UIC prepared a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), committing the railways, who signed this MoU, to no longer investing in analogue radio systems, and only investing in the implementation of GSM-R. does anyone know of any radio frequencies used by the various TOC's ? WebDuring the course of their work, the UIC radio frequency group concluded that efforts would have to be undertaken to negotiate, with the European Frequency Committee (CEPT), for the allocation to the railways of a specific frequency band adjacent to the E-GSM band. Since gaining permission in 2002 to experiment on 5MHz, the Society has provided a basic propagation experiment in which UK amateurs could participate. We read all feedback but are not able to respond. When it is necessary to work on specific subjects, in a more detailed way, the OG forms Ad Hoc Groups with experts from the GSM-R suppliers and from the railways. Frequency License Type Tone Alpha Tag Description Mode Tag; 160.290: KIF838: BM: AAR 012 : Switching 1 (east end) FMN: Railroad: 161.010: WPAV387: BM: AAR 060: Yard operations: FMN: Railroad: 161.160: KGU606: BM: AAR 070: Yard operations: FMN: Railroad: 161.220: BM: CSQ: AAR 074: Switching 2 (west end) FMN: Railroad: Web1.1 The Radio Equipment Regulations 2017 (SI 2017/1206) set out the obligations on economic operators for placing radio equipment on the market. This section provides information on the system and its implementation, including the latest versions of the EIRENE specifications and the full range of specifications. Radio Society of Great Britain Main Site, Useful practical skills for new licensees, All modes. Bank 8 - UHF Railroad Frequencies. It also shows the internationally agreed spectrum allocations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 7 May 2012. As these features had to be incorporated within the GSM standards, it was necessary to work together with specialised ETSI working groups. Note: The Kanawha Subdivision (Montgomery, WV to Russell, KY) is part of the Florence Division; only 10 miles of the line is in Kentucky so it is listed here for continuity. WebState rail operators acquired six mostly non-grouped parcels which cover 2 15 MHz of spectrum to deploy GSM-R. State rail operators re-licensed 2 x 10 MHz of 1800 MHz spectrum in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney for Rail Safety and Control Communications. It's easiest to create a Word docume, Get Free Seeds & Taste the Delicious Flavor of Estler's Mortgage Lifter with Edweather's Generous Offer, Estler's Mortgage Lifter is an heirloom tomato variety developed by William Estler in the mid-1920s. The general information about frequency allocations (along with modulation types, permitted radiated power, channel widths, etc.) The specifications were finalized in 2000, based on the European Union-funded MORANE (Mobile Radio for Railways Networks in Europe) project. UIC - International union of railways There are 4 main things to consider when buying a railroad scanner: Over 99% of all railroad communication can be picked up with an analog scanner. Communications with Military Cadet Stations. It also included the major statements, that early implementers would help the other railways starting an implementation, through the exchange of knowledge and experience. For example, 5354kHz avoids interference to 5357kHz, and 5335kHz avoids interference to 5330.5kHz, both of which are common to many countries but cannot be used in the UK. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. The Ukrainian Tribute Growout is a great opportunity for tomato lovers to get their hands on some unique and delicious varieties. Louisville District - Louisville, KY to Central City, KY 151 Online Finally a decision was taken to adopt GSM, which was, at that time, the only system in commercial operation with products available. wide) and the frequency remained the same. The request for frequencies resulted in a recommendation from CEPT, to add 4 MHz to the overall GSM-band and to allocate it for railway use only. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Association of Train Operating Companies', "Meet LTE-R, the network responsible for next-generation smart trains", "Nokia to install LTE-R for railway services in South Korea", "FRMCS: More than just a successive replacement for GSM-R", "GSM-R: a migration strategy to its successor? It can be interesting to monitor unruly train passengers and rail yard trespassers, but that kind of action is hard to come by. 282,914. for radio frequencies used on the Railways can be found on the Offcom website. Frequencies. Railroads have their own police, which handle things like rail yard security and crime prevention. Louisville District - Talmage, KY to Louisville, KY (Illinois Division). Learn how and when to remove this template message, Comms Design Ltd - System developer for RETB Next Generation, Automatic Train Protection (United Kingdom), Interoperable Communications Based Signaling, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio_Electronic_Token_Block&oldid=1131939308, Articles lacking in-text citations from December 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 January 2023, at 13:56. They areunlikelyto give operator names or locations but will often exchange informationon equipment andaerials. The BC125AT_SS and SR30C_SS programming software is more plug-and-play copy-paste than other scanner software, but ultimately, theres still a learning curve. The FG is also responsible for creating the change requests, based on Implementation Reports. for radio frequencies used on the Railways can be found on the Offcom website. A new control centre was brought into use at Banavie for the West Highland Line from Helensburgh Upper to Fort William and Mallaig, and from Crianlarich to Oban. Potentially up to 60 miles with a home/vehicle antenna. The MSF signal is transmitted from Anthorn Radio Station in Cumbria by Babcock International, under contract to NPL. Rf. The current versions are 21 December 2015 versions FRS 8.0.0 and SRS 16.0.0[22] AAR 107-196 Channels listed are an addition to the AAR band plan when narrowbanding took effect. That involved the description of mandatory requirements for operational communication services, in and between networks of neighbouring railways, with the goal to allow, in the future, uninterrupted train-services, when crossing borders. 222,908. New digital technology also means we can keep pace with industry developments such as ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) and ETCS (European Train Control System). The proposed weak signal segment for <20Hz narrow band modes from 5366.0 5366.5kHz also falls within the UK 5MHz frequency schedule. This will allow you to listen from home, and closer to the tracks. programming software is more plug-and-play copy-paste than other scanner software, but ultimately, theres still a learning curve. railway This token is the authority to occupy the single line, and it cannot be removed from the train until the driver themself releases it. [33], GSM-R transmitter mast on the NurembergIngolstadt high-speed railway line, Kathrein GSM-R Panel Antennas on Lattice Mast. The United Kingdom Frequency Allocation Table (UKFAT) details the uses (referred to as 'allocations') to which various frequency bands are put to the UK. Frequencies Until then, the EIRENE 7.4.0/15.4.0 remain the GSM-R Specifications in force in Europe. - Vehicle police scanners can be installed in the dashboard of a vehicle like a car radio. They include the ability of using additional frequencies in the 900 MHz band and other public GSM bands and introduce other reviewed functionalities for the network and the terminals. This was a very important consideration as one of the main objectives was, to use a system already proven with off-the-shelf products available, with the minimum of modifications. There are two companies that manufacture railroad scanners: Both are quality manufacturers that offer a 1-year warranty & comparable scanner models, but the two best railroad scanners are the: While the type of scanner you buy is based solely on your own personal preference, we recommend buying a handheld scanner. GSM-R could be supplanted by LTE-R,[1] with the first production implementation being in South Korea. EIRENE also defines non-mandatory specifications, that are called "Interim version", which defines extra features that are likely to become mandatory in the next TSIs. Points at the entrance to a crossing loop are spring-loaded for the correct track for facing movements, and are pushed across by the wheels for trailing movements; they too require no power or interlocking, other than for points heating purposes. The system is slightly similar to North American Direct Traffic Control, which unlike RETB does not have a cab display unit. WebState rail operators acquired six mostly non-grouped parcels which cover 2 15 MHz of spectrum to deploy GSM-R. State rail operators re-licensed 2 x 10 MHz of 1800 MHz spectrum in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney for Rail Safety and Control Communications. The segments of the IARU band plan in red below cannot be used in the UK. State rail operators acquired six mostly non-grouped parcels which cover 2 15MHz of spectrum to deploy GSM-R.[16], State rail operators re-licensed 2 x 10MHz of 1800MHz spectrum in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney for Rail Safety and Control Communications. Using a customised fixed telecoms network alongside mobile technology, its processes include journey registration, operational messaging and prioritisingdriver-signaller communications. AAR 107-196 Channels listed are an addition to the AAR band plan when narrowbanding took effect. This request was supported by a pre-study on the usability of either GSM or TETRA systems for the future railway mobile communications. UK Frequency Pro tip: The scanner is the priority; add antenna later to increase signal. Web1.1 The Radio Equipment Regulations 2017 (SI 2017/1206) set out the obligations on economic operators for placing radio equipment on the market. It is a low acid tomato with a unique flavor that has been described as sweet, yet slightly tangy. We discuss different frequency bands in greater detail later in Chapter 7 of this article, Railroad Scanner Frequencies. Here is an article that goes into great detail regarding scanning laws in the US. UK It delivers features such as group calls (VGCS), voice broadcast (VBS), location-based connections, and call pre-emption in case of an emergency. You can have your rail scanner professionally programmed as well. railway RadioReference.com WebRadio Electronic Token Block is a system of railway signalling used in the United Kingdom. It may not display this or other websites correctly. The proposed weak signal segment for <20Hz narrow band modes from 5366.0 5366.5kHz also falls within the UK 5MHz frequency schedule. Railroad Radio Frequencies %%EOF Paul G4MWO produces a regular newsletter on 5MHz activity and operation around the world, which also gives useful information about the current status of 5MHz. Encrypted Talkgroups. WebCurrent Database Statistics. [19], As a result, there is an increasing trend towards monitoring and managing GSM-R interference using active and automated testing on board trains and trackside. WebThe USB frequencies 5354kHz and 5363kHz shown in the table above are within the all modes segment of the WRC-15 band. UK Frequency WebCommercial Radio: Domestic Phones: Fire Service: London Eye: London Underground: Long Wave Stations: Marine HF: Maritime Beacons: Marine VHF: Medium Wave The best way to listen to all railroad communication in your area is with an analog scanner. In parallel, the advantages and disadvantages of the two potential systems ( GSM or TETRA) were discussed. wide) became 024 (12.5 KHz. 2. If the modem connection is lost, the train will automatically stop. 2vnHp.k2Rc?|65lRN^tDhs^|WHnQ"pPz3bb9~X}";9=[B-AM(6 8"TS$566$=`iZ 5sL09u@fAh$ See more resources, including a PDF version of the table Search spectrum Choose a predefined range or specific frequencies to Loading Though they may be Thomas the Train and Edward the Blue Engine fans first and foremost, your grand(son/daughter) might be interested in picking up the hobby. This document also set out to define the requirements related to railway operation and the specification of the additional Group and Broadcast Calls features. hb```E,, cb@ L GSM-R WebThe United Kingdom Frequency Allocation Table (UKFAT) details the uses (referred to as 'allocations') to which various frequency bands are put to the UK. You should also label each packet with the variety name, date, and a brief description (e.g. Channel 24 (25KHz. The system is slightly similar to North American Direct Traffic Control, which unlike RETB does not have a cab display unit. 7 May 2012. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Which frequency exactly do you have on 456? radio frequencies Chapter 8: Railroad Scanning FAQ How far away will my railroad scanner work? Beacons operate around 5290kHz. This helps to increase safety, reducedelays and improve performance providing a better experience for passengers. The new ERTMS/GSM-R project combined experiences from the trial-sites and knowledge from implementing railways within three permanent working groups: ERIG forms the assembly of railways having signed the MoU and the AoI. [24], The Shunting Emergency Call is a dedicated group call with the number 599. Web15,000km + of railway lines covered 2,500 GSM-R telecoms masts 8,574 installed cab radios 100% coverage across the GSM-R radio network 21,200 drivers and signallers trained 860 signaller terminals 2 switching centres BBRC viewer 49 MB More information GSM-R: for drivers and signallers GSM-R: future improvements Together we can end Bowling Green KY to Clarksville, TN via Guthrie, KY - 100+ miles, Please login with your Premium Subscriber Account, To learn more about our premium subscription program please see: RadioReference Premium Subscription, First District Road (Cincinnati to Blanchet), Cincinnati Dispatcher (Cincinnati to Blanchet), First District Road (Blanchet to Danville), Kentucky Dispatcher (Blanchet to Danville), Kentucky Dispatcher (Louisville District), CTC Electrocoding - Gilbertsville Jct to Central City. It's a simplex. wide) and the frequency remained the same. Beardstown Subdivision - Bushnell, IL to Paducah, KY, Bluford Subdivision - Metropolis, IL to Fulton, KY This is where headphones and a two-way splitter come into play. Sponsor Post - registered members do not see these adverts; If you mean NRN and CSR then they are definitely secured. Yes, even the graffiti that reveals your childlike wonder at railroad crossings. The main goal of this group is to exchange information about ongoing implementations based on results already achieved and discussion about gaps in the specifications or implementation reports related to national or international functions. endstream endobj startxref Like other GSM devices, GSM-R equipment can transmit data and voice. Railroad Frequencies & Rail Scanning 148 457.900 Car Dept. First, make sure your seeds are dry before sending them in. The EIRENE Specifications requirements which are relevant for interoperability in Europe are strictly the ones marked in this version with the category (MI), and these should be verified for certification purposes and authorisation for placing into service in Europe. Zip Scanners *Free shipping > $99, lower 48, Emergency personnel (firefighters, police, EMS, etc.
uk railway radio frequencies
uk railway radio frequencies
Для отправки комментария вам необходимо anthurium queremalense for sale.
