The Oxford Handbook of the American Congress, Behavioral Approaches to the Study of Congress, Formal Approaches to the Study of Congress, Touching the Bones: Interviewing and Direct Observational Studies of Congress, Historical Approaches to the Study of Congress: Toward a Congressional Vantage on American Political Development, Campaign Finance in Congressional Elections, Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests, Theories of representation and the link between descriptive and substantive representation, Descriptive representation and the constituentrepresentative link, Descriptive representation and substantive representation of group interests, Voting behavior and representation of minority interests, Beyond voting behavior: Exploring the link between descriptive and substantive representation throughout the legislative process, Descriptive representatives and vigorous advocacy for group interests, The importance of institutional and partisan dynamics, Critical mass and institutional influence on descriptive representation, Critical mass and institutional power in congress, Leadership differences in substance and style, Congressional Institutions and Procedures, Managing Plenary Time: The U.S. Congress in Comparative Context, The Ties That Bind: Coalitions in Congress, The Development of Congressional Elections, The Development of the Congressional Committee System, Sectionalism and Congressional Development, Congress and the Executive Branch: Delegation and Presidential Dominance, The Amorphous Relationship between Congress and the Courts, Reflections on the Study of Congress 19692009, ' Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests', in George C. 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Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. It is an Efficient Form of Government. Aldershot: Ashgate. Signs, 19(3), 630657. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. NORA Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 8(2), 6377. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. (DOC) Discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and PROS Better understanding Easy sharing of information Accurate analysis Sales analysis Finding relations between events Modification of data Exploring opportunities and trends Geographical visualization CONS It gives estimation not accuracy Biased Lack of assistance Improper design issue Wrong focused people can skip core messages We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. At the heart of freedom: Feminism, sex & equality. Sociologist. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils New York: Oxford University Press. Pros of Representative Democracy. Since 1992, the U.S. Congress has experienced dramatic change in the demographic makeup of its membership. Visualize the benefits and drawbacks of the solution. However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. 14 Crucial Pros and Cons of Representative Democracy 6. For minorities, America is not the land of the free. Of course, descriptive representation is not logically necessary to promote minority interests. Women in Parliaments: Descriptive and Substantive Representation Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a Applicable. People of color are also serving as mayors across the country, including in major cities like D.C., Chicago, Baltimore, and Atlanta. 3. Voice, trust, and memory: Marginalized groups and the failings of liberal representation. Teigen, M. (2000). Oxford: Oxford University Press. This forces the government to dissolve the coalition. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. The 114th Congress, which began in January 2015, had a historically large percentage of racial and ethnic minorities. descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways: Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. In S. Besson & J. L. Mart (Eds. Pros of Representative Democracy. The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. Rational deliberation among experts and citizens. During this time more than ever, African Americans are able to speak on subjects that can affect us in the future. The research can utilize methods such as surveys, observation, field experiments, interviews and number analysis. Palgrave Macmillan, London. These descriptive representations reflect the usage characteristics of the end product, what the owner (s) are going to do with the end product, or how they will use it once they get it in their possession. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. It helps by saving time and money while collecting data. Subject materials can be evaluated with greater detail. Reisel, L. (2014). Inclusion and democracy. Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. The rise of the unelected. Gender and discourse. While skeptics argue that the switch to MMP will evoke havoc and mark the end of a decisive government, the pros of proportional representation outweigh the cons. https://cnx.org/contents/W8wOWXNF@12.1:Y1CfqFju@5/Preface, CC BY. Pros & Cons of Existential Counseling . African Americans were routinely deprived of the opportunity to participate in democracy, and Hispanics and other minority groups were fairly insignificant in number and excluded by the states. Firms, boards and gender quotas: Comparative perspectives. The results show that descriptive representation contributes to substantive representation, even if the costs of participating outweigh the electoral benefits. The documentary forces us to, The United States is the most racially diverse nation in the world. Ideally, governmental policies aim to defend citizens of a specific territory by setting laws that promote and implement egalitarianism. Representative democracy is a form of government in which the people elect officials to create laws and policy on their behalf. Hernes, H., & Skjeie, H. (1997). Top Advantages & Disadvantages of Reservation System in India Descriptive Representation In The United States - 461 Words | Bartleby Descriptive representation is the idea that political institutions should reflect the social composition of populations as they are.5 In descriptive representation, representatives not only have visible characteristics (such as ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation) that are common to their constituents but also have shared experiences such as (2005a). It may not be until one is pursing their final years of high school, or perhaps even in college when they are aware of Americas history of possessing a highly restrictive political system. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Quota problems: Combating the dangers of essentialism. The changing nature of European equality regimes. (2005). ), States of democracy: Gender and politics in Europe. Bicameral legislature emanates from the concept of representative democracy. Shaw and McKay created common complication hypothesis to explain variety crosswise over neighborhoods. PDF A Study of Strengths and Weaknesses of Descriptive Assessment from - ed Descriptive Representation and Political Efficacy: Evidence from Obama From state-managed capitalism to neoliberal crisis. The Pros And Cons Of Disney's "The Princess And The Frog" Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. At extended last, mindful neighbors will probably concur upon common issues and cooperate to explain, As we look at social disorganization theory we knew that they were using spatial maps to look at the locations of juveniles. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013). When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. Gives others the ability to learn and develop new skills 3. Race itself was never something I viewed another, in the way women are portrayed in modern culture and society. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a thesis. Mart, J. L. (2006). Other hybrid approaches have been suggested for visual-spatial and model-based reasoning. By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. View all access and purchase options for this article. $\endgroup . Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. Williams, M. S. (1998). Register or login to make commenting easier. - 136.243.94.45. Ultimately, whether or not bone conduction headphones are . Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. In J. Klausen & C. Maier (Eds. (1982). Main Research Question. Pros and Cons of different Prescriptive Analytics technologies On the benefit side, intersectionality, welfare state and democratization seem to deliver several of the same goods as descriptive representation, raising the question of whether descriptive representation is at all recommendable, given what we know of its costliness.
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