ff>qsfN? In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Population of the country Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. Asst. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Excellent, thanks a lot f examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. 1. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? /F3 12 0 R /Font << In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. /F2 9 0 R Required fields are marked *. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. << Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? Your email address will not be published. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. (Tanzi, 1996). Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. s" Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. >> %PDF-1.5 %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. by the federal or any state government. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. %PDF-1.5 reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes >> PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. /F4 15 0 R This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. /Type /XObject Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. /Length 3884 ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. stream In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. . Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring The Political Economy and Un-ending Search, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Federalism, Decentralisation and the Liberalisation of Business Environment in Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, Nigerian Pseudo-Federalism and the Agitations for Restructuring, The evolution of fiscal centralism and strong centre federalism in Nigeria An historical analysis, The Nigerian fiscal formulas and the agitations for resource control in the Niger delta region of. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. /Contents 4 0 R By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Best information base for latest information both national and international. /F7 24 0 R 2023, Bscholarly LLC. /Type /Page Resource control: 3.7 7. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization (PDF) Nigeria: a model of federalist ethnic conflict management or of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. welcome, and thanks for reading us. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br /F5 18 0 R 2. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C 4 Topics . This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status.
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