Old Man Old age! Be careful not to disgrace your ancestors house. After all, what is it exactly that I want? Wagner) / Akira Mori, conductor - Drake Symphony Orchestra / Recorded at Drake University, (date) Show more Show more Gluck. Agamemnon The words I have written here, old man, are these: 119, Ledas daughter, Klytaimestra, Im sending you a second letter to replace the first. This masterful play is masterfully adapted for the screen and brought to life by a wonderful cast. Who can help me here? You were terrified of losing face and authority! First Chorus We saw him, racing in full armour upon the shells of the shore, in a contest against a chariot pulled by a team of four horses, a contest out of which he came victorious. Ah! Klytaimestra You? Agamemnon This is scandalous! You may accept or manage cookie usage at any time. This man has forcefully and unjustly ripped your letter from my hands, my lord! [1340] Open the tent-door to me, servants, that I may hide myself Clytemnestra Why seek to escape, my child? Agamemnon Yes but first I must make a sacrifice here, inAulis. Hell be the man wholl take his army of spear-loving Myrmidons and turn Priams city into rubble. Agamemnon Here, Menelaos. Your old father-in-law, Tyndareus, gave me to your wife, Klytaimestra, as part of her dowry, to be her loyal servant. 260. How can I insult them all -insult their efforts, by trying to save myself I, one, single life? She had vanished, my lady! Dont waste time kissing my hand. Dont suppose for one minute that Ill be asking them to treat you well. I dont have to do anything he says and I didnt. Klytaimestra Thats what a mob is like! Chiron, the wise teacher, was entrusted by a wiser parent! London. Dont bother making a long speech about it, husband! Abominable creature! I told her to bring our daughter here so that she may marry Achilles. Achilles They jeered at me! Making the Call: Reflections on This Is War - academia.edu The whole place glitters with the bronze armour of the warriors. Menelaos Why is that? I acted like a stupid child before but now I thought more deeply about what its really like to kill your own children. Klytaimestra Theyve tricked my daughter to her death by promising her to you in marriage. He married her and they had a son, Aeacus who became King of the island Oenone. And the gods will see to that, whether you like it or not. The suitors should all swear a solemn oath, by giving their right hand and by making sacred sacrifices, that each and every one of them would defend the man who won Helens hand in marriage, no matter who that would be and to come to his aid in case someone stole her from their home and thus deprived that man of his legal conjugal bed. Here, take it now and carry it over toArgos. Stuffed full with men and spears. Dont waste any time! The whole army and both the sons of Atreas stood there in silence, their eyes downcast. I, the destroyer of Priams city and its people! The Greek fleet is waiting at Aulis, Boeotia, with its ships ready to sail for Troy, but it is unable to depart due to a strange lack of wind. This breath that quieted the breezes in the Greek sails! First Chorus Words that will not shame your ancestors. Hell grab her by her blond hair, if he has to and. I will never permit your husband to perform such treacherous deeds! Iphigeneia Come, now, mother, dont make me lose heart! Hes gone out a while ago and Iphigeneia, in the meantime, has heard how her father is planning to kill her. Leaders are but slaves to the common folk. Thank you, my sweet daughter! 990. Agamemnon I was out of my wits, old man! Klytaimestra The whole of the Greek army? Old man, come out here! 880. I just heard your voice from inside and came out to greet you. Tell me, Agamemnon: Tell me what will you say to someone who asks you why youve killed your daughter? Towards this now, mother turn your thoughts, and with me weigh how well I speak; to me the whole of mighty. Iphigenia hoped for but now lacks, and which the chorus explicitly offers as a measure of Iphigenia's cruel fate: she should not be a sacrificial animal but a bride for kings (1085 ff.). . What has brought on all this anxiety? Klytaimestra Ive come out here looking for my husband. Enter Second Chorus of men and women, Attendants of Klytaimestra, Second Chorus Indicating behind the curtains (Stage Left) 590. You mean, the son of Sisyphus? 389. Theyre bound to serve someone well, sometime. Make sure this golden hair god stays far away from my bed chamber! Your daughter, my lady, has today seen both death and life! Klytaimestra A sweet word of love from you? And you, dear wife, daughter of Leda, I ask forgiveness from you, too, for all my tears. But tell me what I must do. During those days you shook the hand of everyone you came across and, whether they wanted it or not, your doors were always wide open and ready to receive everyone. What does your Iphigeneia have to do with my Helen? 550. Chorus There, upon the citys towers and round about its high walls, the Trojan folk will stand when the warriors with their bronze shields bring their ships closer, over the rivers waters, after their long journey over the ocean. Klytaimestra I am Klytaimestra, Ledas daughter and Agamemnons wife. Old Man Menelaos! Your current position in the text is marked in blue. Will he not get furious with you and with your wife if you deprive him of his bride? If you cannot persuade him then come back to me. Because the workings of your mind always have been, are now and always will be, deceitful. PDF STUDY GUIDE - Court Theatre Iphigeneia Dont let them wear black either! Chorus And so the Greek ships will sail. Let her keep her dignity intact. Listen to me! 810, Achilles, they say. Im not talking like this because Im missing out on this wedding. The whole of Greece is gathered here and they all want one thing: to go to the famous city of Troy and tear down her towers. 919. Come, son of a goddess! 1200. Menelaos If you dont let go of it I shall crack your skull open with this staff! Klytaimestra Elected to commit a murder! Menelaos I swear, Agamemnon, by our father, Atreas and by our grandfather Pelops that I will tell you the truth plainly and clearly, just as I feel it in my heart and as I know it in my mind. This way, I hope, my pain will be lessened a little. We took Iphigeneia to the forest of Zeus daughter, Artemis. Iphigenia at Aulis Characters | GradeSaver It is what a mother must do! Youll fight them all? 1150. Has my husband gone insane? Things that should best be kept away from a brides ear. We are a free people, whereas they are slaves. Old Man Yes, tell me so that what I say to your wife agrees with what youve written in there. Klytaimestra! Me, father! My Mycenae! You have declared the girl to be the bride of a goddess son, yet you bring her here to be a sacrificial offering for the benefit of the Greeks! How dreadful! Chorus A man whose body will be clothed in golden armour, fashioned by Hephaistos himself and given as a gift to him by his divine mother. 1070. Agamemnon What? 280. Helen, the sister of the Heaven-dwelling twins, the Dioscuri. What is it that I need to hear alone, out here? You are indeed a brave, noble person, Iphigeneia and for that reason I want you to be my wife. Obedient child. Amazon.com: Iphigenia in Aulis: 9781534322158: Euripides, Einhorn Rather, its the fact that you need a good woman one to fill your arms with and, in order to get her, youve lost your wits and your manners! Your words are good, worthy of our country. The more I hold you in my arms the more the tears rush to my eyes. 530. How can you prove that you and I have the same father? Come, take me to the altar of the goddess. Forget it, madam! 950. There is a small oil lamp on the table as well as various writing implements. Iphigeneia hugs her mother. Iphigenia (1977) - Plot - IMDb Menelaos Listen to me, Agamemnon! Hold on! And help me, too. I wont let anyone take your life even though it would be against your wish. Chorus And the weeping and wailing of Priams daughters and of his wife will be bitter and piercing. How full of torment is life for us ephemeral creatures! Have no fear, the pain will soften with custom and with the passage of time. Helen, wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta, had eloped to Troy with Paris, son of King Priam. 1460. 1318. Clytemnestra Character Analysis in Iphigenia at Aulis | LitCharts Ha! We shall make the wedding celebrations another time., Old Man But how will Achilles take this? I know hes around here somewhere. No, dont bury your face inside your cloak! The true leader of a city and of an army is not merely brave but intelligent. Begging you by his silence. I do but you dont! You both know the size of the army gathered here. Chorus And there it was that Dardanos poured the heavenly nectar into the deep golden cups of the gods. Agamemnon Neither. She is the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra . The choruses "Que d'attraits" and "Non, jamais, jamais aux regards" are full of grace. Famously, they partnered on Seamus Heaney's "The Burial at Thebes" at the Guthrie in fall 2011. It is unjust that you should be mourning while Im living a life full of joy. Help us, Achilles! What destruction! i. Trans. But, my brother, we can do nothing now but go on with the bloody murder of my darling daughter. IPHIGENIA (Daughter of Agamemnon and Klytaimestra) ACHILLES (Chief of the Myrmidons, an army) FIRST MESSENGER SECOND MESSENGER FIRST CHORUS (Of women from Chalkis) SECOND CHORUS (Men and women of Argos, attendants to Klytaimestra and Iphigeneia) THE BABY ORESTES (Silent) GUARDS (Silent) VARIOUS OTHER ATTENDANTS (Silent) 720. The only voice I have, father, my only skill, is in my tears and, here, father, Im giving them to you! The fleet of the war-loving Taphians, with its foaming oars, was commanded by their king, Phyleus son, Meges who had left the Echinae, islands that are far too unwelcoming for sailors. He managed to film a Greek tragedy to screen without losing its effectiveness and importance. No, youve brought me to life so that the whole of Greece may rejoice! And if only Zeus had not breathed his contrary wind upon Euripus, this wind that stopped this expedition from leaving for Troy! They first worked. Moderate. Then Talthybius stood up amongst them all and told them to be silent. IPHIGENIA Had I, my father, the persuasive voice Of Orpheus, and his skill to charm the rocks To follow me, and soothe whome'er I please With winning words, I would make trial of it; But I have nothing to present thee now Save tears, my only eloquence; and those I can present thee. "Iphigenia at Aulis" (Gr: "Iphigeneia en Aulidi") is the last extant tragedy by the ancient Greek playwright Euripides. Old Man In all other things, no, my lady. Her unexpected arrival has added to my ruin. First Chorus Diomedes, too, was there amusing himself, throwing a discus. Where will I find you? Iphigeneia at Aulis (Greek Tragedy in New Translations) Chorus Gods laws are ruled by lawlessness and mortals dont unite to stand against the wrath of Heaven. Women, help her. Iphigeneia at Aulis Flashcards | Quizlet 1040. Come, darling Iphigeneia, come down from the carriage now. Look! Old Man No, madam! 870. The gods are no fools and they know when oaths are falsely pledged or forced upon people. / Malvaux > Non class > iphigenia in aulis monologue mother listen to me / 15.02.22 iphigenia in aulis monologue mother listen to me . Let us pray for a good fortune! You saw the endless ships. The news spread quickly and so the whole army already knows that your daughter has arrived. 490. Is being a General the only thing in your head? Iphigeneia Mother, he will sacrifice me for the sake of our country, for Hellas, against his will. Iphigenia in Aulis by Euripides: Analysis & Themes | Study.com How can I insult all those countless brave warriors and their shields, all those myriads of men, clasping hard at the oars men with courage enough to attack our enemy and die for our country, to clear her name? Step gently down, onto the earth. This light is the sweetest thing that can fill the eyes! No, there are hundreds of women who want my wedding bed! CLYTEMNESTRA: Now hear me, for my thoughts will I unfold In no obscure and coloured mode of speech. Menelaos How else, then, can you, Agamemnon, prove that we are brothers? Chorus What a delightful wedding song was sung while the Lybian flute played on the day that Thetis and Peleas married! As for the other sort, the bad ones, they are everywhere! Agamemnon He covers his face with his hands in shame and groans. Klytaimestra bursts into tears. Chorus There they will arrive with their war-whetted spears and shields to wrest Helen from Priams city and bring her back toGreece. First Chorus And fast-footed Achilles, too, whose feet fly faster than the wind. Euripides. To let this man succeed in this deed, to let him use my name as his bloody sword, would be to make me the worst of all the Greeks a worthless man, one more cowardly than Menelaos, as if I were not the son of Peleas but that of some evil demon. This sword will have blood on it even before I leave for Troy! Klytaimestra Peers into the distance anxiously for a moment but is finally relieved. Has the carriage lulled you to sleep? The Prologue of Iphigenia at Aulis - JSTOR Ive rushed here before them so that you can be ready to receive them. When is the wedding? I can talk no more. So, calm yourself now, Klytaimestra. I saw you trying to write it by the light of that lamp there. I offer my body to my country and to the rest of Greece, willingly. I had put a wedding wreath on her head and brought her here to be your wife. 303. Go! Iphigenia's mother Clytemnestra is also determined to save her. Klytaimestra My dear Lord, Agamemnon! ("Agamemnon", "Hom. Iphigeneia Well then, get rid of this ugly frown from the face that I love so much! He lifted his cloak up and dug his face deep into it, trying to hide the tears that flooded his eyes. IPHIGENIA IN AULIS Essay Summary - Essay Example | Happyessays Click anywhere in the This surely is nothing more than drivel spat out of the mouth of a mad old man! Husband, I know the prospective grooms name but I know little about his family or his country. Or else, we might as well call Mount Sipylus, the Asian city where his barbarous ancestors came from a great city and wipe out of our mind the name of Phthia! Klytaimestra Whats wrong? Rolls her hand gently through her own hair. That in itself is your admission. Not mine, thats for sure. iphigenia in aulis monologue mother listen to me2825 airview blvd kalamazoo, mi 49002. 1121. Sweet daughter! Agamemnon And still something is holding back the expedition. They might be from the wagon that is bringing the girl here, to the Greek ships. I would have given it for the sake of my fellow soldiers. Klytaimestra But it is rightfully yours, Achilles! First Chorus We have left behind our land, Chalkis, a land washed by the salty waters of glorious Arethousa and weve travelled through the narrow straights of Euripus to come here, toAulis, to this sandy peninsula. You are, indeed, a noble soul and you leave me speechless and unable to argue against your views. Copyright 2000-2023 A. S. Kline, All Rights Reserved. Come, my darling daughter, come, Iphigeneia, come and stand near me. That way, not only will I not lose a friend but the army will also not be angry with me when it sees that Ive used my brains rather than my brawn. Iphigenia in Aulis is an Attic, or Greek, tragedy composed by Euripides (circa 480-406 BCE). Iphigenia among the Taurians, Bacchae, Iphigenia at Aulis, Rhesus Iphigeneia But but look at you, father! Next to him was Nireas, first among the Greeks in beauty. So you will sacrifice your daughter! Be careful of one thing, Menelaos: Be careful when youre walking among the men not to let Klytaimestra find out anything about the sacrifice; at least not until after Ive sent my daughter to Hades. From now on I will live there in that other world. line to jump to another position: The Annenberg CPB/Project provided support for entering this text. Old Man You have dared to do a most frightening thing, my lord, Agamemnon! Klytaimestra And the feast for us women? Agamemnon Make sure you dont break the seal of the scroll! Download Pleiades ancient places geospacial dataset for this text. The circumstances are too dire now for modesty and for polite coyness! Be thankful to her because it is she who was looking after you and brought about all this for you, because, the truth is, neither you nor all of your power had anything to do with it. But in an emotional solo scene, she has a vision of the sacrifice. 340. Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis, line 1338 - Perseus Project The Aenians brought twelve ships, captained by their king, Gouneus; and beside them were moored the lords ofEliswhom everyone called Epeians. Holy Spirit of mine! 1500. They fuse into one. One of his servants go and tell him that Achilles, Peleas son is here, waiting for him, at the entrance of his tent! Daddy, do you want to kill me? And then I also realised that were brothers and my heart went out for the poor girl who would be sacrificed for the sake of my own marriage. Up there is my final argument. Please refer to our Privacy Policy. There will be no grave. Klytaimestra Answer me honestly, my husband! The barbarian blood of the sons of Atreas, of your husband, madam and that of his brother, if either of them snatches your daughter from my hands! iphigenia in aulis monologue mother listen to me You groan but you say nothing. I have no one else to turn to, no other friend, no other altar to pray upon. Weddings are blessed things but still very tough on the hearts of the brides parents. He walks slowly about the stage for a moment, anxiously searching the starry sky. Christoph Willibald Gluck: Overture to "Iphigenia in Aulis" (orch. I no longer want to be your enemy. My father, my own father has left me! iphigenia in aulis monologue mother listen to me Iphigenia in Aulis has been added to your Cart . Agamemnon My old friend, Thestius daughter, Leda, had three daughters: Phoebe, Klytaimestra (my wife) and Helen. Agamemnon Can you not see him standing in the midst of all the Greeks, telling them all about Calchas prophesies and all about how Ive promised to sacrifice my daughter to Artemis but then went back on my word? What shall I do now? you asked me. 751. It is, in fact, at that time when his friends should be able to rely on him because it is at that time, the time when things are going well with him, that he can help them the most. Can you not see these men in full armour? Iphigeneia Damn all these spears of Menelaos! I could not. An introduction to a classic play. Klytaimestra Odysseus? 1110. Of beauty kindling flames of love, High on my splendid car I move, Betrothed to Thetis' son a bride: Ah hapless bride, to all the train. Oh, my girl! Just before Dawn. Agamemnon By the gods! That I could never do! And others, is there going to be a wedding? Yet others again, did the king call his daughter here because hes missed her? Then there were others who said, the girl will be presented to the goddess Artemis, protector ofAulis, before the wedding. Only fools would pray to go down there. 583. CLYTEMNESTRA: Now hear me, for my thoughts will I unfold In no obscure and coloured mode of speech. Klytaimestra Oh, Gods! Achilles Yes, it might be just that. Klytaimestra What shall I do for you in Argos? Iphigenia in Aulis on the Stage and in Art | Getty Iris 272. Youve murdered Tantalus, my first husband and with even more brutal violence, youve torn my baby from my breast and dashed it hard against the ground! Agamemnon Are you, darling? To Dardanos house, in Troy, to bring back Menelaos wife, Helen. Chorus Go, young girl! There is nothing that I would not do for my darling Iphigeneia. Iphigenia in Aulis is an Ancient Greek play written by Euripides. The girl deserves better still, may the gods be with us! 940. An unrelenting curse. Klytaimestra So, who raised the young Achilles, Thetis or his father? Klytaimestra Dear Achilles! The play was set in the small amphitheater at the Getty Villa. Oh, my sweet daughter! Enter AGAMEMNON and ATTENDANT. I offer my neck quietly and with no fear for the knife. 1550, Thats what she said and every man there was amazed at the bravery and the virtue of the young girl. It is a madness I cannot control. What horror! Godless! Go away old man! You, too, my lord are a mortal and, whether you like it or not, this is how the gods want it: mortals must taste the good along with the bad. 480. You find my words strange but I find yours equally odd! 543. Enter Iphigeneia holding the baby in her arms. Remember, father? Chorus Listen to her, Agamemnon! 1340. Achilles Alone? Iphigenia in Tauris Summary - eNotes.com Klytaimestra Will he try and come here and drag my darling away, just like that, against her will? We use cookies for essential site functions and for social media integration. The Old Man fearfully pokes his head through the flaps of the tent. How to pronounce iphigenia in aulis | HowToPronounce.com The Iphigenia at Aulis Community Note includes chapter-by-chapter summary and analysis, character list, theme list, historical context, author biography and quizzes written by community members like you. No, I will not shed any tears now. How I pity you! Dawns light is already being taken over by the fire of the Suns brilliant chariot! Agamemmnon's fleet is stranded by bad weather in the bay of Aulis and his troops are growing mutinous. By your chin, Achilles, by your right hand and by your mother, stand by us! Achilles No, my lady, dont call your daughter out to see me. Klytaimestra Is it your wish to kill our child? I am going to go and speak with your husband. Its an unbearable, harsh dread. Listen, mother; hear what thoughts have passed across my mind. Intelligence, brother, can turn any man into a head of State. It was upon the forests of Trojan Ida, its woods covered thickly by the shroud of snow where King Priam once abandoned his child boy, Paris. 773. She goes to her death, so her father won't have to carry the guilt of. No man is blessed or happy for ever. The one in control here is Hellas. Summary. I am too ashamed to tell you this pitiful story of mine. Ultimately, Euripides uses Iphigenia at Aulis to argue that the ancient Greek impulse to revere one's lineage or parentage while effectively ignoring the duty one has to one's living, breathing family is one which creates sadness, discord, anger, and even the impulse for revenge. Bring him up to be a man. I beg you, father! Who on earth could force you to murder your own child? I have my army, the famous Myrmidons, wasting their time hanging about the quiet waters ofEpirus, getting angrier and more impatient by the minute. Pleasure, my old friend, is a dubious thing, an unstable thing; and as for all the trappings of office, all the power that goes with it, sure they might look sweet from the distance but once you get them, they become unbearable pains! First Chorus Mortals vary in body as well as in mind but true virtue, which comes from a good upbringing and a good education, always stands out. The goddess son. Agamemnon and I have separate properties. Lift your head up for me, darling, smile for me. Over the centuries other hands have contributed to the text we now have but even so for the most part it shows Euripides at his finest. Agamemnon The entire Greek army, Menelaos! Klytaimestra With Zeus will or against it? If Im right, do the sensible thing and dont kill out darling. They say that Zeus had transformed himself into a bird and then slept with your mother. Iphigenia's father is Agamemnon and his brother is King Menelaus. Shes about to be slaughtered by the hand of her own father! First Chorus And I saw Gerenian Nestor who came from Pylos. People will talk about how Ive saved Greece. Well, Helen, unfortunately, old man, chose Menelaos! Its been such a long time! First Chorus It is wise to be modest because modesty gives you the rare gift of circumspection, the ability to judge what is right, what is your duty; an ability that will give you respect and will remain with you for ever. She is in there, crying and falling from one abyss of misery into another. Let me, instead, save Greece, if I can. Chorus Joyous notes were sung to the glory of Peleas, son of Aeacus and Thetis, there, upon Mount Pelion, the woody realm of the Centaurs. Its blood spattered about, saturating the goddess altar! Now let go of my letter! Second Messenger Klytaimestra! This is a dreadful thing for me to do but it is just as dreadful not to do it. How can I endure your death? Chorus He said your daughter is still alive, my lady! Gone! Yet it is right that she should come with her sweet daughter to give her away as a bride. Klytaimestra And leave my darling behind? I am resolved to die; and this I want to do with honor, dismissing from me what is mean. Klytaimestra She stretches her right hand 830. Klytaimestra What shall I tell your little sisters? 'The Sacrifice of Iphigenia' and Agamemnon's Dilemma: In - Medium Exit Achilles. Ive tried all manner of subtle tricks to get my closest friends to agree with me and there, too, Ive failed. Klytaimestra But why didnt you deliver that message to me, if it was in your hand? Achilles, initially, vows to defend Iphigenia. May it be with you always, for helping the unfortunate! Those two had hair the colour of fire and were spotted from below the ankles of their great hooves. Agamemnon My thoughts exactly, my darling. Chorus With what joy the Muses pounded the earth with their gold-sandaled feet as they climbed the mountain side to get to the wedding! Achilles But, dont worry, Ill certainly make it hard for him! IPHIGENIA A T A ULIS presents many problems to the literary and textual critic. 730. With him also was his close friend, Adrastus, their commander, ready to exact vengeance forHellas sake, against the woman who fled her husbands halls so as to marry a barbarian. Come out! Tears of pity came into my eyes just now, when I saw your own tears roll from yours. 710. This is something I wont tolerate. Spare my young life, father. She goes over to her mother and takes baby Orestes in her arms. Promise me, mummy! I will be led to a godless slaughter by a godless father! Can you see what the goddess has placed upon her altar? Good bye. Ive also missed you! Ah! Agamemnon Here, at the harbour, near our beautiful Greek ships. Klytaimestra Yes, quite right, too! Menelaos No! Agamemnon There! Menelaos Odysseus will give us no trouble. They will reach the silvery eddies of the Simois river that runs through Apollos stronghold, the rocky plains ofTroy. Think about your daughter for once, Agamemnon and make a fair proposal to your army: Ask them all if they really want to go to Troy and if they do, well then, let them draw lots that will include their own children also! Old Man Dear Fortune, help my brain to save those I love. She will be saved if you will it. Mother, I see a group of men coming towards us! A Monologue from the play Iphigenia in Tauris by Euripides - Actorama Help us because our plight needs your help. But I have no such skill. By my grand-father, my mothers father, Nereus, who was nurtured by the ocean waves! Me, Leda's daughter, hapless dame, First blooming offspring of her bed. Some of you stand by at the front of the horses to quieten them. The play provides some backstory to the more well-known classical tales of the Trojan War. So this is the armada I saw here and about which I had heard back home earlier. Its true, my lady that there are times when it is more pleasant to avoid excessive wisdom and there are times when wisdom is helpful but I, madam, I was raised in the house of Chiron, a centaur who respected the simple ways, the honest ways. She leans before him and embraces his knees. The Plot of Iphigeneia at Aulis. Agamemnon Sure, that I can certainly do secretly but theres something else, brother; something I cannot hide. Tell us whats wrong! Klytaimestra No, I wont. I feel too humiliated to face you after the lies Ive uttered, after the dreadful way Ive been treated! First Chorus This god, this god with the golden hair, lifts his bow and shoots two arrows of passion, one to bring us lifes greatest joy, the other to send us into a whirlwind of confusion.
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