Hamilton was cast after Gale Sondergaard, who was first considered for the role, albeit as a more glamorous witch with a musical scene, declined the role when the decision was made that the witch should appear ugly.[6]. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented on November 22, 2016 by the President of the United States, for her brilliant work during the Apollo missions in the 1960s. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! American software engineer and businesswoman, American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist. "[13] She appeared as herself in three episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, between 1975 and 1976, because Fred Rogers wanted his viewers to recognize the Wicked Witch was just a character and not something to be afraid of. Discover Margaret Hamilton's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". SAGE was soon developed for military use in anti-aircraft air defense. For this Laboratory, she developed codes for new programming routines. A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Margaret had already built her resume with several performances in film before she came to her most memorable and astronomically successful role, Almira Gulch / The Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939). Planetary science is a global profession. Margaret Hamilton - Trakt ", Hamilton later left MIT to start her own software company, but her name is still most recognized for her lunar landing accomplishments. City Without Men. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. "Everything was going according to plan until something totally unexpected happened, just as the astronauts were in the process of landing on the moon," she recalled. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . Margaret Hamilton Computer Scientist MIT Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at MIT. [11], In Boston, Hamilton initially intended to enroll in graduate study in abstract mathematics at Brandeis University. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. ..and your little dog, too!" The woman behind of cinema's most iconic villains, Cleveland-born Margaret . In 1954, she graduated from Thomas Hancock High School in Minnesota. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hamilton had a long-running role on the radio series Ethel and Albert (or The Couple Next Door) in which she played the lovable, scattered Aunt Eva (name later changed to Aunt Effie). As an adult, she worked on NASA's Apollo program, creating computer programs to guide spacecraft to and from the moon. However, in By Your Leave (1934), she plays his housekeeper, and in Saratoga (1937), she has a colloquy with Morgan regarding a cosmetic product he invented (with side glances and eye rolls by Morgan as to its effect on her "beauty"). The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. I was the first one to get it to work. They're scared. Hamilton had prepared for just this situation years before: There was one other failsafe that Hamilton likes to remember. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. [62] Writing in Wired, Robert McMillan noted: "At MIT she assisted in the creation of the core principles in computer programming as she worked with her colleagues in writing code for the world's first portable computer". One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo program's guidance system. Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born Heafield on August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner.She is credited with coining the term, "software engineering".Hamilton was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. Margaret Hamilton The Movie Database (TMDB) These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. They liked to kid me about my radical ideas. She loved and doted upon children all her life. Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Wed, 2022-06-01 07:53, By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office Her name was clearly visible when the entire Apollo 11 source code was released on GitHub in 2016; according to MIT, the first full line of the software read, "SUBMITTED: MARGARET H. HAMILTON DATE: 28 MAR 69 / M.H.HAMILTON, COLOSSUS PROGRAMMING LEADER / APOLLO GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION.". She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. This brilliant mathematician, systems engineer, and computational scientist, was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Hamilton-American-computer-scientist, Space.com - Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer, Wired - Her Code Got Humans on the Moon - And Invented Software Itself, Margaret Hamilton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Margaret Hamilton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, And there's always a funny reaction, like 'Ye gods, they wish they hadn't asked.' "Every time the CPU approached overload, the software cleared out its entire queue of processes, restarted its functions; allowing only the highest priority ones to perform until the landing was completed," she said. [48] Others have used HOS to formalize the semantics of linguistic quantifiers,[49] and to formalize the design of reliable real-time embedded systems. A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software. "Hamilton was honored by NASA in 2003, when she was presented a special award recognizing the value of her innovations in the Apollo software development," NASA wrote in 2016. more information Accept. [36], Hamilton's priority alarm displays interrupted the astronauts' normal displays to warn them that there was an emergency "giving the astronauts a go/no go decision (to land or not to land)". Cameron Diaz Biography, Facts & Life Story, Cam Newton Biography, Facts & Life Story, Roman Reigns Biography, Facts & Life Story, Lindsay Lohan Biography, Facts & Life Story, Christopher Lloyd Biography, Facts & Life Story, Michael Chiklis Biography, Facts & Life Story, Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. [18] In 1979, she was a guest speaker at a University of Connecticut children's literature class. In 1965 Margaret was named responsible for the development of the flight software for the computers that would go on board the Apollo spacecraft. She subsequently developed Alzheimer's disease and died in her sleep following a heart attack on May 16, 1985 in Salisbury, Connecticut at the age of 82. Barack Obama presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. Margaret Hamilton, ne Margaret Heafield, (born August 17, 1936, Paoli, Indiana, U.S.), American computer scientist who was one of the first computer software programmers; she created the term software engineer to describe her work. When she was 80 years old, on November 22, 2016, Margaret Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented by the President of the United States, Barack Obama, for her work at NASA during the Apollo missions. It is possible to find relevant details of the biography of this extraordinary pioneer on many websites. Miss Hamilton Sings 1840 Song at Play House", "Wicked Witch of the West not always a fright sight", "Wizard of Oz 'witch' loved her Maine island", "Actress Margaret Hamilton, the Wicked Witch of the West", Margaret Hamilton correspondence and ephemera, 1944-1979, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamilton_(actress)&oldid=1138589927, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Vague or ambiguous geographic scope from March 2014, Internet Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Internet Off-Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Turner Classic Movies person ID different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Epiisode: "An Eye for an Eye" (S 2:Ep 35), Episode: "Bilko Enters Politics" (S 2:Ep 20), This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 13:49. Hamilton made her debut as a "professional entertainer" on December 9, 1929, in a "program of 'heart rending songs'" in the Charles S. Brooks Theater at the Cleveland Play House. And it was at the age of 22 that she graduated from Earlham . [22][16] Another part of her team designed and developed the systems software. The pipe exploded on the third take of the scene. In the episode, entitled "Triptych for a Witch," Hamilton played the title role. She graduated from Hancock High School and studied at the University . Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. She is best known for playing the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz.In movies, she often played older, unmarried women from New England who was extremely practical but did not enjoy jokes. According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. Updates? The computer was overloaded with interrupts caused by incorrectly phased power supplied to the lander's rendezvous radar. Her Gramercy Park neighbor Sybil Daneman reported that Hamilton loved children but they were often afraid to meet her because of her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz. [33] The asynchronous executive designed by J. Halcombe Laning[34][30][35] was used by Hamilton's team to develop asynchronous flight software: Because of the flight software's system-software's error detection and recovery techniques that included its system-wide "kill and recompute" from a "safe place" restart approach to its snapshot and rollback techniques, the Display Interface Routines (AKA the priority displays) together with its man-in-the-loop capabilities were able to be created in order to have the capability to interrupt the astronauts' normal mission displays with priority displays of critical alarms in case of an emergency. But a software incident almost derailed the landing, as Hamilton recalled in a 2009 interview with MIT. Margaret Hamilton Facts for Kids | KidzSearch.com [37] Jack Garman, a NASA computer engineer in mission control, recognized the meaning of the errors that were presented to the astronauts by the priority displays and shouted, "Go, go!" [7] Studio executives cut some of Hamilton's more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. [54][55][56] Hamilton details how she came to make up the term "software engineering": When I first came up with the term, no one had heard of it before, at least in our world. Margaret Hamilton, Software Engineer Who Landed NASA's - Medium Hamilton, now an independent computer scientist, described for MIT News in 2009 her contributions to the Apollo software which last month was added in its entirety to the code-sharing site GitHub: From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission. "[64][65], In 2019, to celebrate 50 years to the Apollo landing, Google decided to make a tribute to Hamilton. If the latter case, this would be Hamilton's third but uncredited role. Devising, writing, testing, and testing these routines was quite commendable. Byla editelkou oddlen softwarovho inenrstv v MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, kter vyvjela letov software pro Program Apollo.V roce 1986 zaloila spolenost Hamilton Technologies, kter sdl ve mst Cambridge ve stt Massachusetts. Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 May 16, 1985) was an American actress and educator. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. We have estimated Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. "The award included the largest financial award that NASA had ever presented to any individual up to that point. Without exaggeration, it could be said that the heroes of the arrival to the Moon were four: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins and Margaret Hamilton. margaret-hamilton-bio-wiki-age-family-net-worth-height-nationality-and-facts.html. On December 23, 1938, Hamilton suffered a second-degree burn on her face and a third-degree burn on her hand during a second take of her fiery exit from Munchkinland in which the trap door's drop was delayed to eliminate the brief glimpse of it seen in the final edit. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. During one interview, she joked: I was in need of money at the time, I had done about six pictures for MGM at the time, and my agent called. Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). Mastodon: https://qoto.org/@howellspace. It then sent out an alarm, which meant to the astronaut, 'I'm overloaded with more tasks than I should be doing at this time and I'm going to keep only the more important tasks'; i.e., the ones needed for landing Actually, the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions. In 2019, she was awarded the Intrepid Lifetime Achievement Award. After only one crewed mission in Earth orbit Apollo 7 in early 1968 NASA elected to send Apollo 8's command module solo that December on an orbital mission to the moon, out of concerns that the Soviet Union would get there first. What are the characteristics of the Solar System? In Wired magazine, she said in 2015 "I enjoyed school, but there was something about maths that I loved more than anything". Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. She lived in Manhattan for most of her adult life, and summered in a cottage on Cape Island, Southport, Maine. In 2009, Margaret Hamilton and fellow MIT software engineers described what is was like to contribute to the Apollo missions 40 years after the famous Apollo 11 landing in the Moon's Sea of Tranquility in July 1969. [15], Hamilton remained a lifelong friend of The Wizard of Oz castmate Ray Bolger (the scarecrow). Early life [ edit] !' In a few seconds he had to decide whether to land on the moon despite the risk or abort the landing and return with the honey on his lips. Elizabeth Howell (she/her), Ph.D., is a staff writer in the spaceflight channel since 2022 covering diversity, education and gaming as well. They married in the late 1950s, after she graduated in mathematics. five.[28]. Hamilton was initially hired as a programmer for this process but moved on into systems design. So I was assigned this program and I actually got it to work. ], She married Paul Boynton Meserve on June 13, 1931, and made her debut on the New York City stage the following year. She also published six books. In 1933, Hamilton was invited to repeat her stage role of the sarcastic daughter-in-law in the Broadway play Another Language for the MGM film version. It even printed out its answers in Latin and Greek. Her father, Thomas Storey, was the founder of the Stanford University School of Health. Journey for Margaret. MIT's instrumentation lab received the contract for the Apollo guidance and control systems on Aug. 9, 1961, when the United States had accomplished only two spaceflights both with just one crewmember on board, and both in suborbital space. Margaret Hamilton had no trouble reconciling her career at NASA with her mothering role. It is ironic that her performance as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939) was so scary to children, because her first job was as a kindergarten teacher. Mention the name Margaret Hamilton to a Millennial, and chances are they won't be able to pick her out of a line-up. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. She notably wrote software for a program to identify enemy aircraft. We took our work seriously, many of us beginning this journey while still in our 20s. )[citation needed]. In the early 1960s Hamilton joined MITs Lincoln Laboratory, where she was involved in the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) project, the first U.S. air defense system. In 1954, she graduated from Thomas Hancock High School in Minnesota. She served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951 and was a Sunday school teacher during the 1950s. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. She coined the term software engineer because she felt that the work she and her team were doing was just as important and just as much engineering as the other work on the Apollo spacecraft. Elizabeth's reporting includes multiple exclusives with the White House and Office of the Vice-President of the United States, an exclusive conversation with aspiring space tourist (and NSYNC bassist) Lance Bass, speaking several times with the International Space Station, witnessing five human spaceflight launches on two continents, working inside a spacesuit, and participating in a simulated Mars mission. Hamilton, M.; Hackler, W. R. (2004). [66], She met her first husband, James Cox Hamilton,[80] in the mid-1950s while attending college. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
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